What is Intimate Partner Abuse?
Intimate partner domestic violence is pattern of behavior which establishes power and control over another person often through fear, intimidation, the threat of physical violence, and/or the use of physical violence. The frequency and severity of the abuse may vary, yet the one constant is one partner’s consistent efforts to maintain power and control over the other.
The CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, which spotlights injury and violence prevention topics, defines four main types of intimate partner violence:
Physical
Violence
Physical violence is the intentional use of physical force (e.g., shoving, choking, shaking, slapping, punching, burning, or use of a weapon, restraints, or one's size and strength against another person) with the potential for causing death, disability, injury, or physical harm.
Sexual
Violence
Sexual violence can be divided into three categories:
(1) the use of physical force to compel a person to engage in a sexual act unwillingly, whether or not the act is completed;
(2) an attempted or completed sexual act involving a person who, because of illness, disability, or the influence of alcohol or other drugs, or because of intimidation or pressure, is unable to understand the nature or condition of the act, decline participation, or communicate unwillingness to engage in the act; and
(3) abusive sexual contact.
Threats
Threats of physical or sexual violence communicate the intent to cause death, disability, injury, or physical harm through the use of words, gestures, or weapons.
Psychological
Violence
Psychological/emotional violence traumatizes the victim by acts, threats of acts, or coercive tactics (e.g., humiliating the victim, controlling what the victim can and cannot do, withholding information, isolating the victim from friends and family, denying access to money or other basic resources). In most cases, emotional violence has been preceded by acts or threats of physical or sexual violence.
Stalking is often included among types of intimate partner violence. Stalking generally refers to harassing or threatening behavior that an individual engages in repeatedly, such as sending the victim unwanted presents, following or laying in wait for the victim, damaging or threatening to damage the victim's property, appearing at a victim's home or place of business, defaming the victim's character or spreading rumors, or harassing the victim via the Internet by posting personal information. As with perpetrators of physical and sexual violence, stalkers may be motivated by a desire to exert control over their victims. Stalking and intimate partner violence may co-occur.
Read about the effects of Domestic Violence on the Family Unit.
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If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, please call our 24/7 hotline.
505.247.4219 (Local) 800.773.3645 (Toll-Free)
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